On imperfect road surfaces, yes. Modern research shows that lower pressures reduce energy lost to vibration and road deflection, which often outweighs the slight increase in tire deformation losses. The optimal pressure is surface-dependent.

Hookless rims have strict maximum pressure limits (typically 65-73 PSI depending on tire width) because there is no bead hook to retain the tire at higher pressures. Exceeding this limit risks a dangerous tire blowoff.

Weight distribution on a road bike is approximately 45% front, 55% rear. Lower front pressure provides better cornering grip and comfort where the load is lighter.